What are the primary factors in calculating approach speeds?

Calculating approach speeds is essential for safe landing and is influenced by several primary factors. Aircraft weight is crucial since a heavier aircraft requires a higher speed to maintain lift and control during the approach. Configuration refers to the settings of the aircraft, such as flaps and landing gear, which can significantly alter the drag and lift characteristics, thereby impacting the required approach speed. Wind conditions, including headwinds and tailwinds, also play a vital role in determining the appropriate approach speed; for example, headwinds can reduce the groundspeed needed for landing.

These factors collectively ensure that the aircraft achieves a stable approach, enabling pilots to manage the descent rate efficiently and maintain safe control during landing. Other options may focus on aspects that do not address the core elements affecting approach speed as directly as weight, configuration, and wind conditions do.